Kurdish autonomy and U.S. foreign policy : continuity and change. edited by Vera Eccarius-Kelly and Michael M. Gunter

Tadelloses, sauberes Exemplar. The main theme of this book is to evaluate U.S. foreign policy patterns towards Kurdish movements in Turkey and Syria and the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. In the first section of the collection, U.S. foreign policy approaches are examined by comparing multiple U.S. administrations and their responses to Kurdish demands for autonomy. While Kurds have been used to advance particular policy interests, several contributors also identify challenges to Kurdish independence movements linked to ideological divisions and patronage structures. However, Kurds could benefit from political changes even if U.S. policy preferences favor maintaining established borders. In the second section, several contributors explore the Kurdistan Regional Government�s unfulfilled expectations and the fallout from the 2017 independence referendum. Consecutive U.S. administrations have been reluctant to destabilize the region, supported efforts by Turkey to co-opt the KRG, and impeded Kurdish movements in Syria and Turkey. Finally, the third section analyzes the ways in which Kurdish movements have responded to long-standing patterns of U.S. foreign policy preferences. Here contributors examine Kurdish lobbying efforts in the U.S., discuss Kurdish para-diplomacy activities in a comparative context, and frame the YPG/J�s (People�s Protections Units/Women�s Protections Units) and PYD�s (Democratic Union Party) project in Syria. Broader power structures are critically examined by focusing on particular Kurdish movements and their responses to U.S. foreign policy initiatives. Contents: Introduction: Kurdish Autonomy and U.S. Foreign Policy 1 Vera Eccarius-Kelly and Michael M. Gunter U.S. Foreign Policy and the Kurds 1. Non- Stute Actors us Agents of Foreign Policy: The Case of Kurdistan 13 Marianna Charountaki 2. Will the United States Ever Support Kurdish Independence? 33 Michael Rubin 3. U.S. Foreign Policy Towards the Kurdish Movement Under Obama and Trump 51 Thomas Jeffrey Miley and Guney Yildiz U.S. Foreign Policy and the Kurdistan Region 4. U.S. Foreign Policy, Kirkuk, and the Kurds in Postwar Iraq: Business as Usual 81 Liam Anderson 5. From Aid to Oil: Iraqi Kurdistan�s Dependent Economy 103 Bilal A. Wahab 6. Trump�s Foreign Policy Toward the Kurds 129 Michael M. Gunter 7. The Kurds� Trump Card 151 David Romano Kurdish Lobbying, Para-Diplomacy and Rojava 8. Kurdish Lobbying and Political Activism in the United States 167 Vera Eccarius- Kelly 9. From Limited Partnership to Strategic Alliance: The Emerging Significance of Kurdish Para- Diplomacy in U.S. Foreign Policy 191 Haluk Baran Bing Ol 10. �Operation Olive Branch�� Did the U.S. Change Its Strategy Toward the TPG? 209 Eva Savelsberg 11. Imperialism, Revolution, and the Desire to Lecture the Kurds: How Should We (Not) Analyze U.S. - Kurdish Relations 225 Huseyin Rasit ISBN 9781433168024