18. yüzyil Yahudi aydinlanma hareketi Haskala ve Moses Mendelssohn.

Fine English Paperback. Pbo. Demy 8vo. (21 x 15 cm). In Turkish. [xiv], 304 p. 18. yüzyil Yahudi aydinlanma hareketi Haskala ve Moses Mendelssohn. PhD thesis on Moses Mendelssohn and the Haskalah movement. 600 copies were printed. The Haskalah, the Jewish Enlightenment, was the period of Jewish Renaissance that followed the European Enlightenment. Its leading figure was the great German Jewish philosopher Moses Mendelssohn. Though the Jews in Germany and Western Europe were ghettoized culturally and spiritually, they could not escape the influence and political effects of the European enlightenment. This process of "Europeanization" was making inroads especially among the Jewish upper class. Intellectual giants such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Voltaire, Montesquieu, and others sparked the "Century of Enlightenment" in Europe. Many of these thinkers were the founders of a group of European progressive intellectuals known as the Encyclopedists. Mendelssohn, greatly influenced by this intellectual community, transmitted the "Century of Enlightenment" to European Jewry. Fueling the "Century of Enlightenment," and the Haskalah, were the burgeoning economic and social developments sweeping European society. Europe had entered a period of revolt against feudalism. The climax came with the French Revolution in 1789-1793, which proclaimed a "Spring to all Nations" with its call for "Liberte, Egalite et Fraternite" The French Revolution allowed Jews, for the first time in Jewish history, to be citizens with equal rights. The freethinking Moses Mendelssohn called for a parallel revolt in Jewish life. Just as the Encyclopedists provided the intellectual basis for the French Revolution, so Mendelssohn and his followers prepared the groundwork for the great Jewish Revolution against the domination of the clerics and religious dogmatism. The Haskalah, which lasted 100 years until the 1870s, saw a great number of the movement's activists-thinkers, writers, poets, and scholars-spearhead the struggle to lead European Jewry out of its intellectual darkness. From Germany, under Mendelssohn's leadership, the movement spread eastward to Poland, Russia, Austria, etc.