Persia and the Greeks: The Defence of the West, C. 546-478 B.C.

Aus der Bibliothek von Prof. Wolfgang Haase, langj�igem Herausgeber der ANRW und des International Journal of the Classical Tradition (IJCT) / From the library of Prof. Wolfgang Haase, long-time editor of ANRW and the International Journal of the Classical Tradition (IJCT). - Schutzumschlag weist leichte Randl�ren auf, Anhaftungen auf dem Hinterdeckel (Schutzumschlag), Kopfschnitt angegraut, sonst guter Zustand und innen sehr sauber / dust jacket has light edgewear, adhesions on back cover (dust jacket), top edge grayed, otherwise good condition and internally very clean. - Since its first publication in 1962 A. R. Burn�s Persia and the Greeks has become the standard modern account of the Persian Wars, the epic struggle whose narrow outcome made possible the great age of classical Greek civilisation. The book is now reprinted from the corrected second impression of 1970 with the addition of a valuable Postscript by D.M. Lewis summarising the most important new discoveries and re-interpretations that have been made in recent years, in particular from Persian sources. As Dr Lewis remarks, the book retains its special merits. Dr Burn has a thorough knowledge not only of Herodotos� text, the main source for the period, but also of the ground over which the war was fought. His narrative never flags, and his unfailing sense of reality, which does full justice to the politics of war and to the cultural differences between the Greeks and Persians, enables him to provide a convincing picture of events and motives in this crucial period of European history. / Contents Prefaces Abbreviations Introduction: Herodotos and other Sources PART I THE RISE OF PERSIA I Babylon and the Medes The Near East under Assyria, 21 - First mention of the Medes and Persians, 25 - The Fall of Assyria, 28 - Battle of Carchemish, 29 -Captivity of Judah, 30 - Kyaxares and Lydia, 31-Babylon against the Medes, 32 - Nabonidus in Arabia, 34. II The Coming of Cyrus Nabonidus and Cyrus, 36 - The Rise of Persia, 37 - Cyrus overthrows Astyages, 37 - Croesus intervenes, 39 - Cyrus conquers Lydia, 40 - First contact with the Greeks, 43 - Revolt of Paktyas and first conquest of Ionia, 4$. Ill Great Babylon is Fallen Progress of Cyrus, 48 - �Numbered, weighed, divided�, 49 - The �second Isaiah�, 50 - Cyrus as Messiah, 52 - Cyrus conquers Babylon, 54 - Zionist hopes, 56 - Cyrus as liberator, 58 - The later days of Cyrus, 59 - His end, 61. IV The Iranian Religion Nobility of the Persians, 63 - Herodotos on Persian Religion, 65 - Comparison with the A vesta, 66 - Zarathustra, 68 - Question of his date, 70 - The social and religious background, 71 - Autobiographical material in the Gathas, 72 - The Message of Zarathustra, 74 - Persian religion after Zarathustra, 77 - Nobles and Magi, 78 - Religion and Persian Imperialism, 80. V From Cambyses to Darius Character of Cambyses, 81 - Attempt to elevate the Monarchy?, 82 - Cambyses conquers Egypt, 84 - Cambyses and Ethiopia, 86 - His proceedings in Egypt, 88 - Rebellion in Persia, supported by the Magi, 90 - King Bardiya, 91 - Death of Cambyses, 93 - Conspiracy of the Seven, 93 - a military reaction, 94. VI Darius the Great Rebellion throughout the Empire, 96 - Darius re-conquers Babylon, 97 - the East rebels behind him, 97 - the Median War, 100 - Victory of Darius, 100 - Recovery of Armenia and Iran, 102 - Darius and the Saka, 103 - Darius and Egypt, 105 - Recovery of Lydia, 10? - Darius marries Cyrus� daughters, 107 - his Organization of the Empire, 108 - the Gadates letter, 114 - Darius� Suez Canal, 115-Darius and India, 115-Laws and buildings, 117- Darius� religion, 117. List of the Satrapies, 123. VII The Persians enter Europe The Psychology of Conquest, 127 - Darius in Asia Minor, 128 - Otanes takes Samos, 129 - the Bosporos bridge, 129 - Darius in Thrace, 130-the Scythian Expedition, 131-Darius defeated; the story of Miltiades, 133 - Megabazos conquers the north Aegean coast, 134 - Suppression of Greek revolt on the Bosporos, and consolidation, 136 - A Persian Reconnaissance in the Mediterranean; the story of Demokedes, 137. PART II GREECE ON THE EVE VIII Carthage, Etruria and the Western Greeks The Phoenicians, 143 - Greek trade with Carthage and Etruria, 144 - Aggressiveness of the Greeks, 145 - Pentathlos takes Lilybaion, but is defeated and killed, 147 - Phalaris of Akragas, 149 - Carthage organizes resistance, 151 - �Malchus� (?) in Sicily, 152-The Phokaians driven from Corsica, 153 -�Malchus� in Sardinia, 154 - his end, 155 - Mago and the rise of Carthaginian power; the Republic and the Army, 155 - Carthage at war with Massalia, 157-The Etruscans defeated before Cumae, 160- Aristodemos against Lars Porsenna in Latium, 163 - his revolution at Cumae, 163 - The Carthaginian treaties with Rome, 165 - The adventures of Dorieus, 167. IX Sparta and Athens Greece on the Eve, 170 - King Kleomenes, Megara and Plataia, 171 - his Diplomacy, 172 - Sparta and the Aegean, 173. The Athenian Revolution: Hippias and Persia, 174 - Kleomenes expels Hippias, 175 - Kleisthenes and the Franchise, 176 - The Discomfiture of Kleomenes, 179 - the Peloponnesians refuse to fight, 186 - Athens defeats Thebes and Chalkis, 189 - The Aiginetans bum Phaleron, 192-the Peloponnesians refuse to restore Hippias, 192. X Revolt in Ionia Background of the Revolt, 193 - A Persian repulse at Naxos, 195 - Aristagoras leads a rebellion, 196 - The Ionian League, 197 - Aristagoras at Sparta, 199 - Athens and Eretria send help, 199 - Their march on Sardis relieves Miletos?, 200 - Defeat at Ephesos, 201 - The Peace Party gains control at Athens, 201 - The War in Cyprus, 202 - Ionia invaded, 205 - Death of Aristagoras, 207 - Histiaios arrives, 207 - Miltiades takes Lemnos, 208 - Ionia attacked by land and sea, 209 - A siege of Lindos?, 211 - Battle of Lade, 212 - Fall of Miletos, 214 - Death of Histiaios, 216 - End of the Revolt and Escape of Miltiades, 217. XI Front Ionia to Old Greece: 494-490 Persian Reforms in Ionia, 221 - Mardonios in the West, 492, 222 - Greece summoned to surrender, 223 - Tensions at Athens: Miltiades and Themistokles, 223 - Kleomenes crashes Argos, procures the deposition of Damaratos, and takes hostages from Aigina, 227. XII Marathon Datis and the new Persian naval strategy, 236-He subdues the Cyclades and Karystos, 237 �Fall of Eretria, 238 �the Persians land at Marathon, 239 -Strategic considerations, 241 - the days of waiting, 246 - Datis re-embarks his cavalry?, 247 - Now or never, 248 - Miltiades� tactics, 249-Victory, 251 - Datis withdraws, 252 - The Spartans arrive, 253 - War memorials, 253 - The Marathon Legend, 255. XIII The Captains and the Kings Depart: 489-6 Miltiades at the height of his power, 258 - his counter-offensive in the Cyclades, 258-Paros resists him, 259-Envy in Greek political life, 260 - the reaction against Miltiades, 265 - his trial and death, 266 - Damaratos flees from Sparta to the Persians, 267 - Question of the date, 268 - Kleomenes visits Thessaly, 268 - Persian propaganda there, 269-Persia�s woman agent, 269- Kleomenes in Arcadia, 271 - his return to Sparta and death, 272 - A movement against Sparta in Arcadia and Messenia?, 272 - Aigina demands return of her hostages, 273 - Aigina again at war with Athens, 274 - Persia�s preoccupations, 276 - Rebellion in Egypt, 277 - Death of Darius, 278 - King Xerxes, 278. XIV Themistokles and Athens, 488-1 The new, democratic politics, 279 - Themistokles, 280 - the reform of 487, 284 - ostrakophoria, 286 - the elimination of Hipparchos, 286 - of Megakles the Alkmeonid, 287 - of Xan- thippos, 289 - Aristeides the Just, 291 - Themistokles� Navy Bill, 291 - ostracism of Aristeides, 293 - Themistokles and Kerkyra, 294 - Peace with Aigina, 294. XV Military Monarchy in Sicily Hippokrates of Gela, 297 - the Samians at Zankle and Anaxilaos of Rhegion, 298 - Hippokrates takes Leontinoi and defeats Syracuse, 301 - his Sikel wars and death, 302 - Gelon, 303 - Theron of Akragas, 304 - Gelon captures Syracuse, 305 - Himera and Rhegion in alliance with Carthage, 306. PART III THE GREAT INVASION XVI Xerxes Marches Xerxes� Band of Brothers, 313-his character and religious policy, 314 - rebellions of Egypt and Babylon crushed, 317- preparations against Greece, 317-the Athos Canal, 318-the Strymon bridged, 318 - food depots in Thrace, 319 - the Hellespont bridges, 319 - the imperial mobilisation, 321 - the question of numbers, 326 - water supplies indicate 200,000 as the Emit, 3 28 - numbers of the fleet, 330- Members and connections of the Achaemenid House in Xerxes� Army, 333. XVII The Fall of Northern Greece The march through Thrace, 337-halt at the Vardar, 338-the Greeks occupy Tempe, 339-Xerxes� agents already in northern Greece, 343-Tempe evacuated, 344-panic in Greece, 344- Delphi counsels submission, 345 - Athens yields the naval command to Sparta, and recalls exiles, 3 5� � The Greek strategic plan, 352 - Themistokles and the Oracles, 355 - Themistokles� Decree, 359-the Greeks occupy Artemision and Thermopylai, 362 Note on the Troizen Inscription, 364. XVIII Pray to the Winds Leonidas� Army, 378-a raid north from Thermopylai, 381 � numbers and dispositions of the fleet, 381 - first contact at sea, 385 - Aegean weather, 388 -the storm off Sepias, 3 89 - the Persians reach Aphetai, 391 - Xerxes before Thermopylai, 392 - the �parallel diaries� of land and sea operations, 396 - the Greeks raid the enemy anchorages, 397 - the second storm and destruction of the Persian outflanking squadron, 398 - the Greeks reinforced, 399 - the pitched battle of Artemision, 400 - the Greeks retreat, 401 - Importance of the Artemision operations, 402. XIX Too Few and Too Late The failure to support Leonidas, 406 - the Thermopylai Legend, 407-Tactical features of the Thermopylai line, 407-The first assaults, 411 - the local guide, 412 - the flank march, 413 - brushing past an outpost, 416 - Leonidas stays with a sacrificed rearguard, 417 - the last stand, 419 - the war memorials, 421 XX The Razor�s Edge Leisurely proceedings of the Persians, 423 - some Arcadians desert to them, 424 - the harrying of Phokis, 425 - the �miracle� at Delphi, 426-Euboia by-passed, 427-the evacuation of Athens, 427 - the Acropolis left garrisoned, 430 - the Peloponnesians at the Isthmus, 432-Xerxes enters Athens, 433-the Acropolis stormed, 43 3 � the fleets at Salamis, 43 5 � Salamis island as an objective, 436 � Xerxes� mole, 437 - both sides at full stretch, 440 � the Greek naval conferences, 441 � Adeimantos of Corinth, 445 - Xerxes consults his naval experts, 447 - the Persians close in on Salamis, 448. XXI The Battle of Salamis Themistokles� message to Xerxes, 450 - Aeschylus� account of it, 541 - Ephoros� account useful here, 453 - Psyttaleia, 453 - Aristeides brings news of the Persian movement, 454 - the morning of the battle, 455 - The Greek position in the Narrows, 457 - the Persians enter the straits, 460 - Aeschylus� account of the battle, 462 - Herodotos adds details, 463 - the Athenians storm Psyttaleia, 466 - the Persians retreat, 470. Notes: the position of Psyttaleia, 472 - the Unreliability of Plutarch on Salamis, 474. XXII Victory in the West Synchronism of Himera with Thermopylai, 476 - Hamilcar�s Army, 476 - Hamilcar lands in Sicily, 477 - Gelon relieves Himera, 478 - Gelon�s Stratagem, 479 - Battle of Himera, 480 - Death of Hamilcar, 480. What happened at Sea?, 481 - Moderate Peace-Terms, 483 - Sicily after the War, 484. XXIII Winter of Discontent Tensions in Greece in winter 480-479, 488-the Prize for Generalship not awarded, 490 - Themistokles honoured at Sparta, 490. Xanthippos and Aristeides the Athenian field-commanders in 479, 491 - Athens rejects Persian Peace-Terms, 493. Rebellion against Persia in Chalkidike, 496 - Preoccupations of Mardonios, 499 - the Fleets in the Aegean, spring 479, 500 - Mardonios reoccupies Athens, 502 - An Athenian peace-orator lynched, 503 - Sparta�s anxieties in the Peloponnese, 504 - The Spartans move at last, 505 - Argos overawed, 506. XXIV Crowning Mercy Mardonios evacuates Attica, 509 - his position on the Asopos, and size of his army, 510-the Greek Oath of Plataia�, 513-the Action at Erythrai, 516-the Greeks move to Plataia, 519- Greek strength and order of battle, 523 - the days of waiting, 524 - Stirrings of disloyalty among some Athenian landowners, 526 � Persian cavalry destroy a Greek convoy, 527 - Mardonios anxious for a decision, 528 - His cavalry cut off the Greek water-supply, 529 - The Greeks fall back; Pausanias� plan, 530-A night move, 530-position at dawn, 532- Mardonios� Advance, 534-The Athenians overtaken by the Boiotians, 534 - Pausanias� battle position, 536 - The two centres blocked from engaging, 536 - Defeat of the Greek left; pressure on the Athenians relieved, 537 - Pausanias� Victory, 538- Retreat of Artabazos, 539 - The Persian camp stormed, 540 - Casualties, 541 - Commemoration of the Victory; the Serpent- Column, 544 - Siege of Thebes, and execution of Theban leaders, 546. EPILOGUE The Counter-Offensive and the End of the War Advance of the Greek fleet; Samos liberated, 547 - Battle of Mykale, 549 - Liberated Ionia presents a Problem, 551 - The fleet moves against Xerxes� bridge, 552 - Siege and capture of Sestos, 553 - End of Herodotos� History; the New Era, 554. Themistokles and the Walls of Athens, 557 - Liberation of Cyprus, the Bosporos and Northern Greece 478, 557 - Latychidas and Pausanias disgraced, 558 - Athens and the lonians found the Delian League, 477, 559-The Persians dislodged from Thrace, 559 - Battle of the Eurymedon and the first Secessions, 560 - The Egyptian Expedition, 560-Disaster in Egypt halts Athens� career of conquest, 561 - Kimon�s last campaign, 562 - The negotiated Peace of Kallias, 562. Passing of the Commanders of 480-79, 564 - Oppressiveness and decline of Persia, 565 - The importance of the Greek victory, 566. Index POSTSCRIPT Postscript by D. M. Lewis Index to Postscript. ISBN 9780804712354