Libros antiguos y modernos
Schawlow, Arthur And Charles H Townes.
INFRARED AND OPTICAL MASERS .
350,00 €
Cellerino Luigi Studio Bibliografico
(Alessandria, Italia)
Los gastos de envío correctos se calculan una vez añadida la dirección de envío durante la creación del pedido. El vendedor puede elegir uno o varios métodos de envío: standard, express, economy o in store pick-up.
Condiciones de envío de la Librería:
Para los productos con un precio superior a 300 euros, es posible solicitar un plan de pago a plazos al Maremagnum. El pago puede efectuarse con Carta del Docente, Carta della cultura giovani e del merito, Administración Pública.
Los plazos de entrega se estiman en función de los plazos de envío de la librería y del transportista. En caso de retención aduanera, pueden producirse retrasos en la entrega. Los posibles gastos de aduana corren a cargo del destinatario.
Pulsa para saber másFormas de Pago
- PayPal
- Tarjeta de crédito
- Transferencia Bancaria
-
-
Descubre cómo utilizar
tu Carta del Docente -
Descubre cómo utilizar
tu Carta della cultura giovani e del merito
Detalles
Descripción
FIRST EDITION.
In 1953, Charles Hard Townes and graduate students James P. Gordon and Herbert J. Zeiger produced the first microwave amplifier, a device operating on similar principles to the laser, but amplifying microwave radiation rather than infrared or visible radiation. Townes's maser was incapable of continuous output.[citation needed] Meanwhile, in the Soviet Union, Nikolay Basov and Aleksandr Prokhorov were independently working on the quantum oscillator and solved the problem of continuous-output systems by using more than two energy levels. These gain media could release stimulated emissions between an excited state and a lower excited state, not the ground state, facilitating the maintenance of a population inversion. In 1955, Prokhorov and Basov suggested optical pumping of a multi-level system as a method for obtaining the population inversion, later a main method of laser pumping.
Townes reports that several eminent physicists—among them Niels Bohr, John von Neumann, and Llewellyn Thomas—argued the maser violated Heisenberg's uncertainty principle and hence could not work. Others such as Isidor Rabi and Polykarp Kusch expected that it would be impractical and not worth the effort. In 1964 Charles H. Townes, Nikolay Basov, and Aleksandr Prokhorov shared the Nobel Prize in Physics, "for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser–laser principle".
In 1957, Charles Hard Townes and Arthur Leonard Schawlow, then at Bell Labs, began a serious study of the infrared laser. As ideas developed, they abandoned infrared radiation to instead concentrate upon visible light. The concept originally was called an "optical maser". In 1958, Bell Labs filed a patent application for their proposed optical maser; and Schawlow and Townes submitted a manuscript of their theoretical calculations to the Physical Review, published that year in Volume 112, Issue No. 6. (Wikipedia).
Stroke, p. 1180.
