Panta Pei Change in Thirteenth-Century Byzantine Architecture, Art, and Material Culture

Summary The year 1204, when Byzantium was conquered by the participants of the Fourth Crusade, marks a major and violent change on several levels, including politics and the economy, society and religion, as well as art and culture. The once powerful empire experienced both the humiliation of foreign occupation and its political subjugation. After its re-establishment in 1261, Byzantium had become a shrunken state, surrounded by aggressive enemies, while a number of its vital areas, such as Crete and Cyprus, together with the Aegean and Ionian islands, remained under foreign rule. These changes influenced not only the artistic output but the everyday life of the Byzantines as well. New ideas, new preferences, and new techniques are attested in architecture, painting, sculpture, and minor arts, all of which developed a new dynamic. According to the Greek philosopher Heraclitus of Ephesos (c. 535 - c. 475 B.C.), whose aphorism ? ?, i.e. everything flows, is highlighted in the title of this collective volume, change is the fundamental essence of the universe. The book aims to provide an up-to-date, well-rounded, and balanced overview of the long thirteenth century, by examining aspects of the artistic and cultural transformations created and developed within the new framework of co-existence among Byzantines, Latins, Slavs, and Ottomans. TABLE OF CONTENTS Notes on Contributors List of Figures Acknowledgments Introduction Jenny P. Albani and Ioanna Christoforaki PART I. A Capital Exiled, A Capital Regained Chapter 1 Loss, Memory, and Exile: Innovation and Simulation in Laskarid Art and Architecture Naomi Ruth Pitamber Chapter 2 Brickwork and Fa ade: Envisioning the Apse of the Church of Saint John the Baptist at the Lips Monastery Jasmina S. ?iri? PART II Artistic Developments and Interactions in the Christian East Chapter 3 Tradition and Transition on the Slopes of the Pentadaktylos Mountain in Thirteenth-Century Cyprus Nikolas Bakirtzis Chapter 4 Icons of the Virgin Nursing at Sinai and the Question of the Origins of the Madonna dell'Umilt Irene Leontakianakou Chapter 5 An Unknown Frankish Icon of the Mother of God Michele Bacci Chapter 6 Changes and Innovation: Reassessing Thirteenth-Century Byzantine Manuscript Illumination Marina Toumpouri PART III Regional Styles and New Cultural Identities Chapter 7 Architectural Sculpture during the Thirteenth Century: Cultural Interactions Shaping New Regional Identities Catherine Vanderheyde Chapter 8 Artistic Links between Epiros, Prilep, and Berroia in the Late Thirteenth Century: Continuity and Change in Monumental Painting Leonela Fundi? Chapter 9 A Missing Link in the Development of Relief Haloes: The Evidence from Macedonia Nikolaos Siomkos PART IV New Data on Everyday and Luxury Objects Chapter 10 Changing Byzantium: The Thirteenth Century Viewed through Its Pottery: Summary of the Evidence, Main Trends, Thoughts for Future Directions Anastasia G. Yangaki Chapter 11 Slow Paces of Change in Byzantine Material Culture: Dress in the Thirteenth Century Pari Kalamara Chapter 12 New Light on Byzantine Enamels of the Thirteenth Century Antje Bosselmann-Ruickbie PART V Envisaging and Visualizing Death Chapter 13 Eloquent Texts, Colourful Images: Visionary Scenes at the Refectory of the Patmos Monastery Konstantia Kefala Chapter 14 Is Everything Dead after Death? Mural Paintings of the Last Judgment and the Eschatological Preoccupations of the Thirteenth Century. Dimitra Kotoula In Conclusion Jenny P. Albani and Ioanna Christoforaki Index of Persons Topographical Index